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| sculan | obligation or necessity (must, ought); authoritative expectation (shall); reported claims (is supposed to be) |
| magan | be able (cf. cunnan); be allowed to (cf. mōtan) |
| mōtan | permission (be allowed to, may) |
| cunnan | know how to; be able, can; as independent verb: know, be familiar with |
| willan | want, wish; less commonly pure futurity (will, shall) |